Aortic Regurgitation - Moderate | #5
This is a simulation of Aortic Regurgitation - Moderate taken at Erb's point. Note that S1 is decreased due to premature mitral closure. S2 is single and represents an increased P2. An aortic ejection click follows the mitral component of the first heart sound by 75 milliseconds. A diamond-shaped aortic flow murmur is noted in early systole. A decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing, pan-diastolic murmur is present. The EKG shows evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Look at the cardiac animation. It shows an enlarged, hypertrophied left ventricle with normal contractility. A systolic Doppler-plume in the aorta represents a flow murmur while the diastolic left ventricular Doppler-plume represents moderately severe aortic regurgitation.Auscultation Sounds
Position
The patient's position should be supine.
Listening Tips
S1:Reduced intensitySystole:Click follows S1
Diastole:high-pitched, musical decrescendo murmur, early diastole
Waveform (Phonocardiogram)
Observe Cardiac Animation
Authors and Sources
Authors and Reviewers
- EKG heart rhythm modules: Thomas O'Brien.
- EKG monitor simulation developer: Steve Collmann
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12 Lead Course: Dr. Michael Mazzini, MD.
- Spanish language EKG: Breena R. Taira, MD, MPH
- Medical review: Dr. Jonathan Keroes, MD
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Heart sounds and mentorship: W. Proctor Harvey, MD
- Medical review: Dr. Pedro Azevedo, MD, Cardiology
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Last Update: 1/8/2023
Sources
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Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 5th Edition
Kathryn Booth and Thomas O'Brien
ISBN10: 1260064778, ISBN13: 9781260064773
McGraw Hill, 2019 -
Rapid Interpretation of EKG's, Sixth Edition
Dale Dublin
Cover Publishing Company -
12 Lead EKG for Nurses: Simple Steps to Interpret Rhythms, Arrhythmias, Blocks, Hypertrophy, Infarcts, & Cardiac Drugs
Aaron Reed
Create Space Independent Publishing -
Heart Sounds and Murmurs: A Practical Guide with Audio CD-ROM 3rd Edition
Elsevier-Health Sciences Division
Barbara A. Erickson, PhD, RN, CCRN - Clinical Heart Disease
W Proctor Harvey, MD
Clinical Heart Disease
Laennec Publishing; 1st edition (January 1, 2009) -
The Virtual Cardiac Patient: A Multimedia Guide to Heart Sounds, Murmurs, EKG
Jonathan Keroes, David Lieberman
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkin)
ISBN-10: 0781784425; ISBN-13: 978-0781784429 - Project Semilla, UCLA Emergency Medicine, EKG Training Breena R. Taira, MD, MPH
Aortic Regurgitation - Moderate | #5
