Word Part | Definition |
A&D | ascending & descending |
A&W | alive and well |
a- | no, not, without, away from |
A-P | anterior-posterior |
aa. | arteries |
AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
AAD | antibiotic associated diarrhea |
AAL | anterior axillary line |
ab- | away from |
abd | abdominal/abdomen |
abdomen | The part of the body cavity below the thorax. |
abdomin- | abdomen |
abdominal aorta | The part of the descending aorta passing through the diaphragm into the abdomen. |
abdominal pain | Discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal cavity. Can be acute or chronic. A significant clinical symptom. |
abdominal quadrants | Four segments of the abdomen divided by horizontal and vertical lines intersecting at the umbilicus. |
abdominal thrusts | A maneuver for treating choking by using quick, forceful thrusts of fisted hands upward and inward toward the diaphragm. Commonly known as the Heimlich maneuver. |
abdominal wall | The boundaries of the abdomen, consisting of multiple layers: skin, subcutaneous fat, superficial fascia, muscles, transversalis fascia, extra peritoneal fat, and the parietal peritoneum. Extends from the thoracic cage to the pelvis. |
abdominoplasty | Surgical removal of excess abdominal skin and fat and tightening of the abdominal wall. Commonly called a tummy tuck. |
abducens nerve | A small cranial nerve which originates in the pons and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the eye. It provides horizontal eye movement control. |
abduction | Movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body. |
aberration | A deviation from a normal condition or behavior. |
ABG | arterial blood gas |
ABI | ankle-brachial index |
ablat/o | to remove, to destroy |
ablation | Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, freezing or other methods. |
ablation techniques | Removal or disabling of body tissue by using hot liquids, microwave thermal heating, freezing, chemical ablation, and laser photoablation. |
ablution | Washing the body. |
ABN | abnormal |
ABO | three basic blood groups |
abo blood group | A major blood classification system based on the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane. |
abortifacient | An agent, usually a medication, that causes abortion. |
aBP | arterial blood pressure |
abrad/o | to scrape, to wear away |
abreaction | An emotional release after recollection of a repressed experience. |
abscess | Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. |
absenteeism | Chronic absence from work, school or other duties. |
absorption | The processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy. |
abstract | A summary of the facts, ideas and opinions presented in articles, studies, literature or presentations. |
AC | adrenal cortex |
-ac | pertaining to |
AC (2) | anticoagulent |
ac (3) | before a meal |
acanth/o | thorny, sharp spine |
acanthocytes | Erythrocytes with spiny projections giving the cell a thorny appearance. |
acar/o | mites |
acarbose | A drug prescribed in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. It retards the digestion of complex carbohydrates. |
acaridae | Family of mites frequently found in grain and flour. |
accelerated idioventricular rhythm | A type of automatic, not reentrant, ectopic ventricular rhythm with episodes lasting from a few seconds to a minute. The ventricular rate is 50 to 100 beats per minute. |
acceleration | A change in an object's rate of speed or direction. |
accessory nerve | Either of two cranial nerves which are important for swallowing, speech and some head and shoulder movements. |
acclimatization | Adaptation of an organism to a new or changing environment. |
accreditation | Certification for voluntary compliance with standards established by non-governmental organizations. |
acculturation | Process of accepting or assimilating cultural change. |
ACE Inhibitor | Drug that lowers BP by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) allowing increased blood flow |
acebutolol | A beta blocker drug used to treat high blood pressure, irregular rhythms and angina pectoris. |
acetabulum | Concave surface of pelvis where the head of the femur lies |
acetic | Having a sour property of vinegar or acetic acid. |
acetone | A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. Present in urine. |
achilles tendon | The tendon connecting the muscles in the back of the calf to the calcaneus (heel bone). |
achlorhydria | Absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretion. |
achondroplasia | A disorder that is a form of short-limb dwarfism. |
acid etching | Preparation of tooth surfaces with etching agents, such as phosphoric acid, to roughen the surface to increase adhesion. |
acid-base balance | The balance between acids and bases in the body fluids. The pH of the arterial blood provides an index for the total body acid-base balance. |
acid/o | acid, sour, bitter |
acidosis | A pathologic condition of acidity in body fluids and tissues. The two main categories are respiratory and metabolic acidosis. |
ACLS | advanced cardiac life support |
acne | A common inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. |
acne conglobata | Severe, chronic acne characterized by large, burrowing abscesses associated with disfigurement. Also called cystic acne. |
acne keloid | A disorder in which secondary pyogenic infection in and around pilosebaceous structures ends in keloid scarring. Often develops at the hairline on the back of the neck. |
acou- | hear |
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | An acquired defect of T-cell immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). |
acr/o | extremities, top |
acrodermatitis | Chronic inflammation of the skin of the hands and feet. Caused by a parasitic mite. A manifestation of Lyme disease. |
acromegaly | A hormonal disorder that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone. |
acromioclavicular joint | The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the clavicle and the inner margin of the acromion process of the scapula. This joint has six ligaments. |
acromion | The lateral extension of the spine of the scapula and the highest point of the shoulder. |
acrophobia | Fear of heights |
acrosome | The cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of spermatozoon. It contains enzymes necessary for sperm penetration of the egg. |
act- | drive, do, act |
ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
actin/o | radiation, ray |
actinic keratosis | Pre-cancerous patch of thick, scaly, or crusty skin secondary to extensive sun exposure |
actinomycosis | A chronic bacterial disease, often found on the abdomen, thorax and jaw. Characterized by lumpy, deep abscesses that discharge pus. |
actomyosin | A protein complex of actin and myosin occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle. |
acu- | needle |
acupuncture | Therapy for treating pain and disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. |
acute | severe; sudden in onset; lasting a short time |
acute respiratory distress syndrome | A lung condition that causes low oxygen levels in the blood. It can be life threatening. |
AD | Alzheimer disease |
-ad | toward, in the direction of |
ad- | toward, increase |
adams-stokes syndrome | Recurring fainting spells caused by incomplete heart block. |
ADD | attention deficit disorder |
Addison disease | A rare disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and/or aldosterone. |
adduction | Movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body |
adductor | A muscle that moves a body part toward the midline or axis of the body. |
aden/o | gland |
adenitis | Inflammation of a lymph node resulting in swelling or pain. |
adenocarcinoma | A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular growth pattern. |
adenoid/o | adenoids |
adenoidectomy | Surgical removal of the adenoids. |
adenoids | A collection of lymphoid nodules on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx.. |
adenoma | A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular structure |
adenovirus | Virus responsible for upper respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, cystitis or GI infection. |
ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
ADHD | attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder |
adhesion | Bands of scar tissue that can develop after surgery. |
adip/o | fat |
adipose | Connective tissue composed of fat cells. |
adiposity | The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ. |
adjustment disorders | Maladaptive reactions to a stressful event. |
ADL | activities of daily living |
adnexa | Appendages of an organ (e.g. eyelids to the eyeball) |
adolescence | A period beginning with puberty and ending at maturity. Usually from 11-13 years of age and ending at 18-20 years of age. |
adren/o | adrenal glands |
adrenal | Pertaining to the adrenal glands, which are located atop of the kidneys. |
adrenalectomy | Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. |
adrenalitis | Inflammation of the adrenal glands, |
adrenarche | A development stage when the adrenal glands mature, leading to the increased production of adrenal androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione. Adrenarche usually begins at about 7 or 8 years of age before the signs of puberty and continues throughout puberty. |
adrenergic fibers | Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse. |
adrenergic neurons | Neurons whose primary neurotransmitter is epinephrine. |
adsorption | The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. |
adult | A person having attained maturity. |
advanced cardiac life support | The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes the use of specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrillation and pharmacological therapy. |
adventitia | The outermost covering of organs, blood vessels and other structures not covered by serosa. |
AE | above elbow |
AED | automated external defibrillator |
aer- | air |
aerobics | Sustained strenuous exercise that improves cardiovascular and respiratory fitness. |
aerophagia | Excessive swallowing of air. |
aerophagy | Excessive swallowing of air caused by anxiety or improper eating habits. |
AF | atrial fibrillation |
AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
affect | The emotional reaction to an experience or thought. |
Afib | atrial fibrillation |
afibrinogenemia | A deficiency or absence of fibrinogen in the blood. |
AFP | alpha-fetoprotein |
afterbirth | The placenta, umbilical cord and membranes that are expelled from the uterus after birth |
aftercare | Health care provided to a patient after discharge. |
ageusia | Loss of the sense of taste. |
agglutin/o | clumping |
aggression | Forceful verbal or physical behavior, or an overt attitude of hostility. |
agit/o | rapidity, restlessness |
agnosia | The inability to comprehend or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation. |
-agogue | simulator, agent causing change |
agonal | Relating to conditions and struggles preceding death. |
agonistic | A muscle whose contraction causes movement of a body part. Also, a drug that combines with receptors to produce an action. |
agoraphobia | Obsessive, intense fear of open places or leaving home.. |
-agra | severe pain |
agraphia | Inability to write due to a cerebral injury or less commonly, due to emotional factors. |
AHA | American Hospital Association |
AHF | antihemophilic factor |
AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
AIHA | autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
air | The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. |
air sacs | Thin-walled spaces including the alveoli connected to one terminal bronchiole. |
airway | Tubular passages in the lungs through which air passes during breathing. |
AIVR | accelerated idioventricular rhythm |
AK | above the knee |
akinetic mutism | A syndrome characterized by a silent and inert state without voluntary motor activity despite alertness. |
Al | aluminum |
-al | relating to |
alacrima | Dry eye. |
albin/o | white, deficient pigmentation |
albinism | Genetic disorders causing the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. |
albumin | Proteins found in egg whites, milk, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They are water soluble and coagulate upon heating. |
albuminuria | The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of kidney diseases. |
albuterol | A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat asthma. |
alcoholism | A primary, chronic disease creating a physical dependence on alcohol. Genetic and environmental factors influence its development. |
aldosterone | A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the kidneys to regulate electrolyte and water balance. |
aldosteronism | A disease that causes the adrenals to produce too much of the hormone aldosterone. |
alexia | Inability to read despite preservation of the ability to write. The patient cannot recognize letters and words. |
ALF | assisted living facility |
-algesia | pain |
-algia | pain |
algid | Cold, clammy skin associated with some types of malaria. |
alginate | A salt of alginic acid extracted from marine kelp. Used for surgical dressings. |
algorithm | A step-by-step protocol for managing health care problems. |
alienation | Lack of meaningful relationships with others, leading to estrangement. |
aliment/o | nutrition |
alimentary canal | The passage for the digestion and absorption of food. Extends from mouth to anus. |
alkaloids | Organic nitrogenous bases produced by plants and used to create important, powerful drugs. |
alkalosis | A condition of high alkalinity of blood and other body fluids. |
ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
allergen | Antigen-type substance that produce immediate hypersensitivity. |
allergy | Hypersensitive reaction to common substances that are in the environment or digested. Also, an acquired sensitivity to certain drugs. |
allied health personnel | Health care workers specially trained and licensed to provide patient services in specialties such as physical therapy, laboratory sciences, dental hygiene and emergency services. |
allo- | other |
alloantigen | An antigen that occurs in some but not all members of a species. |
allograft | Tissues, cells, or organs transplanted between genetically different individuals of the same species. |
allopathy | A medical therapy system in which a disease is treated by creating a second condition in the body that opposes the disease. |
allopurinol | A xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. Used to treat gout and kidney stones. |
aloe | The dried juice of aloe plant leaves. Used to treat minor wounds, burns and skin irritations. |
alopecia | A disorder in which the immune system attacks hair follicles in the scalp. |
alphavirus | A group of small Toga viruses. Can be transmitted from mosquitoes to humans, causing several types of encephalitis. |
alprazolam | A compound used to treat anxiety. |
alprostadil | A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow. |
altitude sickness | Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high altitude. These symptoms include headache, nausea, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, tachycardia and shortness of breath. |
alve- | channel, cavity |
alveol/o | alveolus |
alveoli | Air sacs in the lung which allow exchange of blood oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
alveolitis | An inflammation of the alveoli. Caused by inhalation of an allergen. |
Alzheimer disease | Type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. |
AM | morning |
AMA | American Medical Association |
amalgam | A mixture of mercury, silver and other metals used in dentistry. |
amanita | A genus of mushrooms. Some species are poisonous. |
amantadine | An antiviral agent used to treat influenza A. Also used as an antiparkinsonian agent. |
amaurosis | Partial or complete blindness caused by a disease. |
amber | A hard, yellowish fossil resin from pine trees. |
ambi- | both, both sides, around |
ambient | Pertaining to the environment of an organism or mechanism. |
ambivalence | Conflicting feelings or attitudes towards a person, object or idea. |
ambly/o | dull, dim |
amblyopia | Decrease of vision due to abnormal development during childhood. Also known as lazy eye. |
ambul/o | walking |
ambulance | A vehicle for transporting patients for treatment. |
ambulatory | Able to walk. |
ameba | A large genus of protozoa found in water and moist conditions. Several species may be parasitic in humans. |
amebiasis | Infection with ameba. Widespread condition in tropical countries.. An asymptomatic condition in most people but diseases ranging from diarrhea to dysentery. |
amebicide | A drug or other agent which destroys ameba, particularly parasitic species. |
ameloblastoma | A fast growing epithelial tumor of the jaw. |
amelogenesis | The formation of dental enamel by ameloblasts. |
amenorrhea | Absence of menstruation. |
ametropia | An eye problem caused by faulty refraction. |
AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
amino acid | A group of organic compounds that contain an amino and a carboxyl group. |
aminoglycoside | Antibiotic that prevents bacteria from producing proteins. Requires monitoring due to side-effects. |
aminophylline | A bronchodilator. Used to treat asthma and COPD. |
AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
amnesia | Loss of memory due to brain injury or emotional trauma. |
amni/o | amnion, sac around embryo |
amniocentesis | Diagnostic test for chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections. A small amount of fluid is removed from the amniotic sac. |
amniotic fluid | A clear, yellowish liquid that surrounds the fetus, protecting it from injury. |
amobarbital | A barbiturate sedative-hypnotic. |
amoxicillin | An oral semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic. |
ampere | A measure of electrical current. One ampere (amp) is equal to the current flowing through a one ohm resistance when an electrical potential of one volt is applied. |
amphetamine | A powerful group of drugs that stimulate the central nervous system. Amphetamines reduce feelings of fatigue and increase alertness. |
amphi- | both sides |
ampho- | both sides, double |
ampicillin | Semisynthetic penicillin that functions as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. |
amputation | The removal of a limb or other body appendage. |
amyl- | starch |
amylase | A group of enzymes that help digest starches. |
amyloid | Starch-like. |
amyloidosis | A group of infectious diseases cause abnormal protein folding and deposition of amyloid. These amyloid deposits can enlarge and displace normal tissue, impairing function. |
amylose | The soluble constituent of starch. |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | A neurological disease causing muscle weakness and impacting physical function. Commonly called ALS. |
-an | pertaining to |
an- | not, without, away from |
an/o | anus, ring |
ANA | antinuclear antibody |
ana- | up, apart, again |
anabolic steroid | A compound derived from testosterone or synthetically that stimulates development of muscle mass, strength, and power. |
anacrotism | A secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a pulse tracing. |
anaerobic | Taking place without oxygen. |
anal canal | The terminal segment of the large intestine ending at the anus. |
analgesia | Without pain or decreased pain. |
analgesics | A compound that relieves pain. |
anaphylaxis | A severe immune system reaction to a previously encountered antigen. Can sometimes be fatal. |
anaplasia | Loss of structural differentiation and useful function of neoplastic cells. Typical of malignant tumors. |
anasarca | Massive swelling (edema) of the legs, truck and genitalia. Occurs in congestive heart failure, renal disease or liver failure. |
anastomosis | A surgical connection between two structures. |
anatomy | The study of the structure of organisms. |
anconeus | A small triangular muscle behind the elbow. Its function is to extend the forearm. |
andr/o | male |
andro- | male |
androgen | Steroid hormones that stimulate development of male reproductive organs, beard growth, voice changes and muscles. |
android | Pertaining to something human. |
andropause | Male menopause. |
androsterone | A metabolite of testosterone or androstenedione. |
anemia | Blood lacks enough erythrocytes (RBC) or hemoglobin. |
aneroid | A kind of barometer operated by the movement of the elastic lid of a box exhausted of air. |
anesthesia | The loss of feeling or sensation, particularly pain. |
anesthesiology | A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia. |
anesthetic | Medication that causes temporary loss of sensation. |
anesthetics | Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act generally or locally. |
anetoderma | Benign dermatosis caused by a loss of dermal elastic tissue resulting in localized sac-like areas of flaccid skin. |
aneurysm | A sac-like dilatation of a blood vessel wall. It indicates a weak spot in the wall which may rupture. |
anger | A strong emotional feeling of displeasure aroused by being interfered with, injured or threatened. |
angi/o | blood or lymph vessel |
angina pectoris | Chest pain, pressure, or squeezing, often due to ischemia of the heart muscle. |
angiocardiography | Radiography of the heart and great vessels after injection of a contrast medium. |
angioedema | Swelling involving the deep dermis, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized edema. It often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx. |
angiography | An x-ray study of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium. |
angiokeratoma | A benign vascular, horny neoplasm of the skin often found on the legs and feet. |
angioma | A usually benign tumor consisting of blood vessels and lymph nodes. |
angiomyoma | A benign tumor consisting of vascular and smooth muscle elements. |
angioplasty | Repair of a blood vessel such as widening a narrowed artery or vein. This procedure is normally performed using catheterization. |
angioscope | An endoscope used for viewing the interior of blood vessels. |
angiostenosis | Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel. |
angiotensin | A family of peptides in the blood that causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. |
angstrom | A unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometer. |
anhedonia | Inability to experience happiness or pleasure. It is a symptom of many psychotic disorders. |
anhidrosis | Absence of sweating in an environment appropriate for sweating. |
anion | Negatively charged ion. |
anis- | unequal |
anisocoria | Unequal pupil sizes. Affects 20% of the population. |
ankle | The region between the foot and leg. |
ankle brachial index | The ankle-arm index. This is the ratio of the higher of the two ankle systolic blood pressures divided by the higher of the two arm systolic pressures. It is a predictor of peripheral arterial disease. |
ankyl/o | bent, stiff |
ankylosis | Fixation and immobility of a joint. |
anodontia | Congenital absence of most or all teeth. |
anomal/o | irregular |
anomaly | A variation from normal, particularly congenital defect |
anomia | An inability to name people and objects that are correctly comprehended. |
anorexia | The lack or loss of appetite with an inability to eat. |
anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by a loss of appetite and an excessive fear of becoming overweight. |
anosmia | loss or impairment of the sense of smell. It can be temporary or permanent. |
anovulation | Suspension or cessation of ovulation by the ovaries. |
anoxia | Absence of oxygen in body tissues despite adequate blood flow. |
ant. | anterior |
antacids | Substances that neutralize acidity in the stomach. |
antagonist | A person, muscle or drug that opposes another. |
antazoline | A short acting antihistamine |
ante- | forward, before |
antegrade | Moving forward or moving in the direction of blood or urine flow. |
antepartal care | Health care provided during pregnancy. |
anter/o | front |
anterior | front |
anterior chamber | The space between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humor. |
anterior cruciate ligament | A strong ligament of the knee that extends from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur. Responsible for controlling stability during knee rotation. |
anthelmintics | Agents that destroy or prevent development of parasitic worms. |
anthrac/o | carbon, coal |
anthracosis | A chronic lung disease caused by inhaled coal dust. Occurs in coal miners but also in tobacco smokers. |
anthrax | An acute infectious disease of hoofed animals and humans. Infection in humans often involves the skin , lungs or gastrointestinal tract. |
anthrop/o | human life |
anti- | against |
anti-inflammatory | Reducing inflammation. |
antibiotics | An infection fighting protein made by blood plasma cells in response to an antigen. It helps destroy bacteria, viruses and toxins. |
antibodies | Immunoglobulin molecules produced in lymphoid tissue that attack the antigen that induced their synthesis. |
antibody | Protein produced by B cells as primary immune defense. |
anticoagulants | Agents that slow coagulation and prevent blood clotting. |
anticonvulsants | Drugs used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. |
antidepressants | Drugs that prevent or relieve depression. |
antidiabetic | Drugs that help control diabetes mellitus. |
antidiarrheal | A drug or food for treating diarrhea. |
antidiuretic hormone | A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland. This hormone controls the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
antidromic | Conducting nerve impulses in a direction opposite from normal. |
antiemetics | Drugs used to prevent nausea or vomiting. |
antifibrinolytic | Preventing the breakdown of a blood clot or thrombus. |
antifungal | Substances that destroy fungi. |
antigen | Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. |
antigens | Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. |
antihistamine | An agent that inhibits the actions of a histamine. |
antihypertensive | Drugs used to reduce high blood pressure. |
antimitotic | Drugs that arrest cell division. |
antioxidant | Substances that inhibit oxidation of a substance. |
antiparasitic | A drug used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. |
antiperspirants | Agents that are put on the skin to reduce sweating. |
antipruritic | An agent that relieves itching. Usually topical. |
antipsychotic | An agent used to control severe mental disorders. |
antipyretic | A drug used to reduces fever. |
antisepsis | The destruction of germs causing disease. |
antisocial | A personality disorder characterized by a disregard for individual rights or laws. |
antispasmodic | A drug used to treat smooth muscle spasms in the digestive system, uterus or urinary tract. |
antithyroid | An agent used to treat hyperthyroidism. |
antitoxins | Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific bacterial toxins. |
antitussive agents | Cough medicine that acts centrally on the medullary cough center. |
antiviral | Destroying a virus or suppressing replication. |
antr/o | antrum, cavity |
antrum | A cavity or chamber. |
anuria | Absence of urine formation. |
anus | The distal opening of the alimentary canal, lying in the fold between the buttocks. |
anxiety | Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, or fear without apparent stimulus. |
anxiety disorders | A group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear. |
Ao | aorta |
AODM | adult-onset diabetes mellitus |
aort/o | aorta |
aorta | The main trunk of the systemic arteries originating at the heart's left ventricle. |
aortic aneurysm | An abnormal balloon or sac-like dilatation in the aortic wall. |
aortic coarctation | A congenital heart abnormality where the aorta is narrowed. |
aortic stenosis | Narrowing of the aortic valve opening, reducing outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta. |
aortic valve | The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta. It prevents back flow of blood into the left ventricle. |
aortic valve regurgitation | Back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. |
APA | antipernicious anemia factor |
apache | An acronym for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, a scoring system used for classifying the severity of illness in critically ill patients. |
apathy | Lack of emotion or emotional expression; disinterest. |
apex | The tip of an organ. |
Apgar score | Newborn health assessment score (0-10). Two points each: Appearance of skin color, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. |
aphakia | Absence of the eye's lens. |
aphasia | Impairment of language or speech comprehension. |
-apheresis | separation, removal |
aphonia | Inability of the larynx to produce speech sounds. |
aphrodisiac | An agent that stimulates sexual desire. |
aphth/o | ulcer |
apic/o | apex |
apical | Pertaining to the tip or apex of a structure. |
aplasia | Defective development of an organ or tissue. |
aplastic anemia | A condition in which bone marrow doesn't produce sufficient blood elements. |
apnea | A temporary cessation of spontaneous respiration. |
apo- | separate, away from |
apocrine glands | Sweat glands that only occur in hairy parts of the body. |
apophysis | An outgrowth or projection from a bone. |
apoptosis | Programmed cell death resulting in the orderly removal of cells. |
append/o | appendix |
appendectomy | Surgical removal of the appendix. |
appendicitis | Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. |
appendix | A worm-like blind tube extension from the cecum. |
appetite | Natural recurring desire, e.g. for food. |
apraxia | Disorders characterized by the inability to make skilled, purposeful movements due to a cerebral disease. |
aprepitant | A drug used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea. |
aptitude tests | Standardized tests designed to predict an individual's learning ability or performance. |
aq | water |
aquaphobia | An irrational fear of water. |
aque/o | water |
aqueous humor | The clear, watery fluid circulating in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. |
-ar | pertaining to |
arachnoid | A delicate membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the pia mater and the dura mater. |
arachnoiditis | Acute or chronic inflammation of the arachnoid membrane, resulting in pain and neurological abnormalities. |
arbor | A tree-like structure with branching. |
arbovirus | Viruses transmitted by saliva of insects, bats and rodents. |
ARC | AIDS-related complex |
arch- | beginning, origin, first |
ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
areola | A ring of pigmented skin surrounding a nipple. |
ARF | acute renal failure |
argon | An odorless, colorless, inactive gas with atomic number 18. |
argyria | A permanent ashen-gray discoloration of the skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs due to ingestion of or exposure to silver salts. |
arm | The superior part of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow. |
ARMD | age-related macular degeneration |
aromatherapy | The use of fragrances and plant oils to improve physical, mental, and emotional well-being. |
arousal | A state of alertness due to stimulation. |
arrhythmia | Abnormal heartbeat rhythm. |
arsenic | A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33. Most forms are toxic. |
arteri/o | artery |
arterial blood gases | A test that measures the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acidity (pH) in the blood. Some blood gases devices make additional measurements available. |
arteries | The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. |
arteriol/o | small artery |
arterioles | The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. |
arteriolosclerosis | Thickening of the walls of small arteries or arterioles. |
arteriosclerosis | Thickening and stiffening of arterial walls. |
arteriostenosis | Narrowing of arterial walls. |
arteritis | inflammation of one or more arteries. |
arthr/o | joint |
arthralgia | Joint pain. |
arthritis | Inflammation of joints, characterized by pain, swelling and diminished range of motion. |
arthrocentesis | Aspiration of fluid (e.g., synovial fluid) from a joint cavity. |
arthrodesis | The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. |
arthrography | Imaging of a joint, usually after injection of a contrast medium. |
arthrolysis | Surgical restoration of mobility in stiff, ankylosed joints. |
arthroplasty | Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion. |
arthropod | A member of the phylum Arthropoda, composed of organisms having a hard, jointed exoskeleton and paired jointed legs. It includes insects, mites, ticks and spiders. |
arthroscopy | Examination, therapy and surgery of a joint using an endoscope. |
articul/o | joint |
articulation | The junction of two or more bones. Also, forming sounds into meaningful speech. |
artifacts | Anything artificially made. An unwanted problem with a medical imaging technique. |
artificial limbs | Prosthetic replacements for arms and legs. |
-ary | pertaining to |
AS | aortic stenosis |
ASA | acetylsalicylic acid |
asbestosis | Lung disease characterized by interstitial fibrosis. Caused by inhalation of asbestos particles. |
ASC | atypical squamous cells |
ASC-US | atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance |
ascites | Abnormal accumulation of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. |
ascorbic acid | A water soluble compound. As vitamin C, it naturally occurs in citrus fruits and many vegetables. |
ASD | atrial septal defect |
-ase | enzyme |
aspartame | Artificial sweeter, metabolized as phenylalanine and aspartic acid. |
asperger syndrome | A developmental disorder whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social interactions, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities and impairment in language and communications skills. |
aspermia | A condition characterized by the complete absence of semen. |
asphyxia | Condition caused by lack of oxygen, leading to loss of consciousness and death. Causes include drowning, suffocation, choking and inhaling carbon monoxide. |
aspir/o | inhaling |
aspirin | An analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. It also reduces the risk of vascular thrombosis. |
assault | A violent physical or verbal attack. |
assertiveness | Strongly insistent, self-assured behavior. |
assimilation | The transformation of food into living tissue. |
Ast | astigmatism |
astasia | The inability, without physical cause, to stand or sit without assistance. |
asthen- | weakness |
asthma | Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder. Characterized by breathing difficulty, wheezing, coughing and dyspnea. |
astigmatism | A common and generally easily treatable imperfection in the curvature of the eye. |
astr/o | star |
astringent | A drug, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues. Used for controlling bleeding or secretions. |
astrocyte | A large, star shaped cell. Found throughout the central nervous system. |
astrocytoma | A type of brain tumor. |
asystole | Complete absence of cardiac output and electrical activity in the heart. |
ataxia | Inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements, not due to muscle weakness. |
atc | around the clock |
atelectasis | Partial or complete failure of a lung to expand due to alveoli deflation. Can occur after surgery, trauma, infections. |
ateliosis | A form of dwarfism. |
atelo- | incomplete, imperfect |
ather/o | plaque, soft fatty deposit |
atherectomy | Endovascular procedure for removing atheromatous plaque by a cutting or rotating catheter. |
atheroma | A thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls due to plaque deposits. Also called atherosclerosis. |
atherosclerosis | A thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls due to plaque deposits. |
athetosis | Slow, continuous slow, flowing involuntary movements of the fingers, toes, tongue and face. Often a form of cerebral palsy. While impairing speech, intelligence in often unaffected. |
ATL | adult T cell leukemia |
atmo | steam, vapor |
atonic | Without normal muscle tone or strength |
atorvastatin | A drug used to reduce the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. |
atresia | The absence or abnormal narrowing of a body opening or duct. |
-atresia | closure, occlusion |
atreto- | closed |
atri/o | atrium |
atria | The upper chambers of the heart which receive blood flow from the body. |
atrial fibrillation | Abnormal cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the atria. Increases risk of stroke and heart disease. |
atrial flutter | A very rapid, irregular heart rhythm. A common form of tachyarrhythmia. |
atrioventricular node | A small group of specialized muscle fibers located on the floor of the right atrium. It regulates electrical signals to the ventricles, preventing rapid conduction and ensuring that the atria have emptied. |
atrium | (of the heart). Either of the two upper chambers of the heart. |
atrophy | Diminished size or wasting away of body tissue, for example muscles. |
attention | Mentally focusing on a specific object, issue or activity. The act of concentrating. |
attenuation | The reduction or dilution of disease producing ability. |
attitude | 1) A position or posture of the body. 2) A way or manner of behaving. |
attrition | Wearing away. |
atypical | Unusual. Not representative of a type or group. |
Au | gold |
audi/o | hearing |
audiology | The study of hearing and hearing impairment. |
audiometry | A noninvasive test that measures the ability to hear different tones and intensities. |
audit | A formal review of data or records. |
augmentation | The process of increasing in size or amount. |
AUL | acute undifferentiated leukemia |
aur/o | ear |
aural | Refers to the ear or hearing. |
auranofin | A drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis. |
ausc | auscultation |
auscultation | Listening for body sounds usually with a stethoscope. |
autism | A group of developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral problems. |
auto- | self, same |
autoantibody | An antibody that react with self-antigens of the organism that produced them. |
autoantigens | Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with autoantibodies and cause an immune response. |
autograft | Transplant comprised of an individual's own tissue, transferred from one part of the body to another. |
autoimmune | Disorder of the immune system in which an immune response is created against the body's own tissues. |
autoimmune disorder | Immune system attacks on healthy cells by mistake. |
autoimmunity | Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. |
autologous | One individual being both donor and recipient (e.g. blood). |
autolysis | The disintegration of tissues or cells by intracellular enzymes. |
automatism | Automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control. |
autonomic | The ability to function without external influence. |
autonomic nervous system | The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary body functions. The enteric nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system; and sympathetic nervous system taken together. |
autonomy | Ability to function independently. Self-governing. |
autophagia | Biting or eating one's own flesh. |
autopsy | Postmortem examination of the body to determine the cause of death. |
autosome | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome and that occurs in pairs in somatic cells. |
autosuggestion | Suggestion coming from the subject himself. |
autotrophic | Self nourishing. The processes by which organisms use inorganic substances such carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen as nutrient sources. |
aux/o | growth |
AV | atrioventricular |
avascular | An area of the body lacking adequate blood vessels or blood supply. |
AVB | atrioventricular block |
aversion therapy | A treatment that suppresses undesirable behavior by simultaneously exposing the subject to unpleasant consequences. |
avian influenza | A highly contagious disease of poultry and other birds, caused by strains of influenza A virus. |
avitaminosis | Disease caused by vitamin deficiency. |
avoidance | A psychological or physical defense mechanism for avoiding a noxious experience. |
AVR | accelerated ventricular rhythm |
axi/o | axis |
axial | Pertaining to an axis. |
axill/o | armpit |
axilla | Armpit. |
axon | Nerve fiber that conduct impulses away from the neuron cell body. |
azoospermia | A complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. |
azot/o | nitrogen |
azotemia | A biochemical abnormality referring to an elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. |